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In this Issue: Nov 1, 2002

|| Koi Feeding in Winter

|| Indoor Ponds

|| Fun (Pond) Fact

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Did you know.... that we have reviewed many pond books and publications and list them in our webpages? You can find them on many of the pages in the "Pond Information" section of pondmarket.com (you may have to scroll down the page).... Many of them can be found here: Formulas (but there are others on the other pages as well!)

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>> KOI FEEDING IN WINTER

Many of our ponds in colder climates are now showing water temperatures below 50 degrees Fahrenheit. It is IMPORTANT to stop feeding the pond fish, in particular Koi, at this time! Koi do not have a stomach and digest their food in their intestines. When the water temperatures drop the fish's metabolism slows down and the food can "get stuck" in the intestine and cause great harm.

Koi should be fed cool weather food at water temperatures from 50 - 62 degrees Fahrenheit and not at all in colder weather!

Should there be prolonged periods of warmer weather and the pond water warms above 55 degrees for several days the fish should only be fed very little (cool weather food or easily digestible things such as Watercress).

Goldfish are not much of a problem during the winter. Since they are much smaller and their food intake is much less even in the summer, they can easily survive by munching on string algae on the sides of the pond. -The only time that is a problem is in very new ponds which may not have developed an algae patina on the liner yet.

>> INDOOR PONDS

Many of us have moved some fish indoors. Maybe our outside pond is too shallow or small for the fish to survive the winter OR maybe we just can't say good-bye to our ponds and need a little of that beauty and tranquility to see us through the winter :)

One of our subscribers (Lori) recently sent me a picture of her "Garden Tub". This "Garden Tub" is that - literally. Lori converted her bathtub into an indoor pond in her bathroom since she has a separate shower and never uses the tub. What a wonderful idea (I have a tub just like it that rarely gets used - am going to try to get this idea past my hubby)!

There are, of course, less elaborate ways of building a small indoor water feature (for instructions for a very cheap and simple one send a blank email to: indoorpond@pondmarket.com

>> FUN (POND) FACT

Recent research indicates that many amphibians (salamanders among them) can release chemical alarm signals to other animals of their species that lets them know when a predator is close by. This is very useful in situations were sight is limited (such as in murky water).

Salamders do many things through their skin (including breathing) which is why clean and unpolluted water is such vitally important habitat!

We can contribute to providing this habitat in small measure with our Garden Ponds! Isn't it great?!

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